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A child (plural: children), has two distinct meanings: the offspring, of any age, of two people, or an individual who has not yet reached puberty, though there might be a differing legal definition (see below). more...
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The term "child" is also a counterpart of parent: adults are the children of their parents despite their maturation beyond infancy; for example "Benjamin, aged 46, is the child of Tobias, aged 73". Similarly in a generalized sense, see child node.
Legal definition of child
The legal definition of "child" is interchangeable with minor and varies according to each country's own individual interpretation.
The Convention on the Rights of the Child defines a child as "every human being below the age of 18 years unless under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier".
Development
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Child development is the study or examination of processes and mechanisms that operate during the physical and mental development of an infant into an adult. Pediatrics is the branch of medicine relating to the care of children. It encompasses ages from prenatal to teenagers and even young adults (ages 0-21 years).
Terms for stages of age-related physical development are listed below. Approximate age ranges are shown, but conceptions about the boundaries between different stages of life vary between cultures and periods. The age ranges and terms listed reflect 21st century conceptions in the developed world.
Zygote, the point of Conception, fertilization;
Embryo; in the later stages also called fetus;
Birth;
Child:
Infant (baby) (ages 0 - 1.5)
Neonate (newborn) in the first month of life;
;
Toddler (ages 1.5 - 4);
Middle childhood (schoolchild (or schoolboy or schoolgirl)) - Primary school/Elementary school age (ages 4 - 11)
prepubescence, a subset of the above (ages 10 - 11, approximately);
;
Preadolescence (preteen, or late childhood) - in the United States, middle school age (ages 11 - 12, approximately. Note overlap with prepubesent stage of middle childhood.);
;
Adolescence and puberty (teenager) (13-20);
Young adult (18-25);
Adult (starts at age 18-21 or older; exact minimum age may vary)
Early adulthood (20-39);
Middle age (40-65);
Advanced adult/Senior citizen (65+);
;
Death (occurs at various ages depending on person);
Also sometimes used are terms that specify one's age in decades, such as:
Twenty something (20-29);
Thirty something (30-39);
Forty something/Quadragenarian (rarely used since 1980)(40-49);
Quinquagenarian (50-59);
Sexagenarian (60-69);
Septuagenarian (70-79);
Octogenarian (80-89);
Nonagenarian (90-99);
Centenarian (100-109);
Supercentenarian (110+);
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