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Political
In 1651, Thomas Hobbes published his most famous work, Leviathan, in which he proposed a model of early human development to justify the creation of a government. more...
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Hobbes described an ideal state of nature wherein every person had equal right to every resource in nature and was free to use any means to acquire those resources. He claimed that such an arrangement created a “war of all against all” (bellum omnium contra omnes). Further, he noted that men would enter into a social contract and would give up absolute rights in exchange for certain protections.
While it appears that social cooperation and dominance hierarchies predate human societies, Hobbes' model illustrates a rationale for the creation of societies (polities).
Definitions
Power Max Weber defined power as the ability to impose one's will upon another, while Hannah Arendt states that "political power corresponds to the human ability not just to act but to act in concert.";
Authority is the ability to enforce laws, to exact obedience, to command, to determine, or to judge.;
A government is the body that has the authority to make and enforce rules or laws.;
Legitimacy is an attribute of government gained through the acquisition and application of power in accordance with recognized or accepted standards or principles.;
Sovereignty is the ability of a government to exert control over its territory free from outside influence.;
Classification of political ideologies
Left-Right politics
Most political analysts and politicians divide politics into left wing and right wing politics, often also using the idea of centre politics as a middle path of policy between the right and left.
The meaning of left-wing and right-wing varies considerably between different countries and at different times, but broadly speaking, it can be said that the right wing is linked to moral and social conservatism, law and order, and religion, while the left wing is linked with redistribution of wealth and resources towards the poorer and disadvantaged sections of society and secularism. The right wing is more often linked to the idea of social equity, and the left wing to the idea of social equality. The right wing also tends to be more traditional, while the left wing is generally more likely to experiment with new ideas.
Certain politicians have tried to transcend the left-right divide, such as Manuel Gómez Morín, De Gaulle, Juan Peron, and Jean-Pierre Chevènement. Christian Democracy is notable for its claim to combine left and right wing politics. Manuel Gómez Morín is particularly notable for developing his idea of "national action" in rejection of left-right politics.
Read more at Wikipedia.org
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