Tops X Small

The International Phonetic Alphabet requires specific names for the symbols and diacritcs used in the alphabet. more...

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It is often desirable to distinguish an IPA symbol from the sound it is intended to represent, since there is not a one-to-one correspondence between symbol and sound in broad transcription. The symbol's names and phonetic descriptions are described in the Handbook of the International Phonetic Association. The symbols also have nonce names in the Unicode standard. In some cases, the Unicode names and the IPA names do not agree. For example, IPA calls ɛ "epsilon", but Unicode calls it "small letter open E".

The letters

The traditional names of the Latin and Greek letters are used for unmodified symbols. In Unicode, some of the symbols of Greek origin have Latin forms for use in IPA; the others use the symbols from the Greek section.

Examples:

Note

The Latin "upsilon" is frequently called "horseshoe u" in order to distinguish it from the Greek upsilon. Historically, it derives from a Latin small capital U.;

The IPA standard includes some small capital letters, such as ʀ, although it is common to refer to these symbols as simply "capital" or "cap" letters, because the IPA standard does not include any full-size capital letters.

Cursive-based letters

A few letters have the forms of cursive or script letters. Examples:

Note

The "looptail G"

Ligatures

Ligatures are called precisely that, although some have alternate names. Examples:

Rotated letters

Many letters are turned, or rotated 180 degrees. Examples:

The symbol ɔ can be described as a turned cee, but it is almost always referred to as open o, which described both its articulation and its shape. The symbol ʌ is often also called "caret" or "wedge" for its similarity to that diacritic.

A few letters are reversed (flipped on a vertical axis):

Notes:

The old Unicode name for this character is LATIN SMALL LETTER REVERSED EPSILON; This IPA symbol is often called by its Arabic name, ayin.; Other Unicode names for this character are: REVERSED GLOTTAL STOP, LATIN LETTER VOICED FRICATIVE, LATIN LETTER PHARYNGEAL GLOTTAL STOP;

One letter is inverted (flipped on a horizontal axis): ʁ inverted R. (ʍ could also be called an inverted double-u, but turned double-u is more common.)

Read more at Wikipedia.org